What is Hypoparathyroidism? – A Basic Overview Hypoparathyroidism refers to a medical condition where there is insufficient production or activity of parathyroid hormone (PTH). This hormonal deficiency leads to low calcium levels (hypocalcemia) and high phosphate levels (hyperphosphatemia), due to reduced PTH action on bones and kidneys. the Epidemiology of hypoparathyrodism is Estimated prevalence is…
The RAAS is a hormone system that plays a central role in regulating blood pressure, fluid balance, and electrolyte homeostasis. It is activated when the body senses low blood pressure, reduced sodium concentration, or diminished renal blood flow. Key Components and Their Functions RAAS Cascade: Step-by-Step Process you can also visit- Large intestine anatomy and…
What is Large Intestine ? The large intestine, also known as the large bowel, is the last part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract which plays a central role in digestion. It is where undigested food received from the small intestine is processed and any water and remaining nutrients are absorbed before the indigestible matter is excreted from the body as…
Malaria Epidemiology in India Causative Agent:Protozoan parasite Plasmodium Species: NOTE; – 25th April: World Malaria Day 1-30th June: Anti—Malaria Month Vector:Female Anopheles mosquito (bites mainly at night) Historical Discoveries Symptoms Typical Symptoms: Severe Symptoms: Diagnosis Method Notes Microscopic Blood Smear Gold standard for diagnosis RDTs (Rapid Diagnostic Tests) Useful in field conditions PCR For species-specific…
Introduction of epideiology Definition “Study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in man.” — MacMahon (1960) Epidemiological Triad Used to explain infectious disease transmission: Objectives of Epidemiology Types of Epidemiological Studies 1. Descriptive Study 2. Analytical Study A. Case-Control Study OR Interpretation: Advantages: Disadvantages: Example: Smoking and lung cancer B. Cohort Study C….