RIB FRACTURE What is a Rib Fracture? A break or crack in one or more ribs, usually due to trauma that can leads to severe respiratory distress/ problem. Rememberable point-Problem is not the bone itself but breathing and lung injury. Anatomy of Ribs Rib Cage Function: Relationship to Lungs: Types of Rib Fractures Causes of…
PNEUMOTHORAX What is Pneumothorax? Pneumothorax is a collection of air in the pleural space, between the lung and chest wall. It is an medical emergency condition. Anatomy Normal Situation: In Pneumothorax: Rememberable point- Problem is ventilation, not oxygen supply. Types of Pneumothoraxes Note- It is an emergency condition Rememberable point- Tension = Too much pressure (Life-threatening)…
What is Hyperthyroidism? Hyperthyroidism means the thyroid gland is overactive and makes too much thyroid hormone. This makes the body work faster than normal. Causes (Aetiology) of Hyperthyroidism Risk Factors How It Affects the Body (Pathophysiology) Signs and Symptoms (Clinical Features) 1. Heart and Blood 2. Lungs 3. Digestive System 4. Muscles and Body 5….
This complete guide to hypothyroidism covers types, risk factors, clinical signs, treatment options, and nursing interventions. Definition of Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism means your thyroid gland is underactive. It doesn’t make enough thyroid hormones, which slows down your body’s metabolism and heat production. Types of Hypothyroidism Causes (Aetiology) of Hypothyroidism Risk Factors You’re more likely to get…
Hyperparathyroidism happens when there is too much parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the blood. This is due to overactivity of one or more (total four) parathyroid glands in the neck. Types / Classification of Hyperparathyroidism Causes (Etiology) of Hyperparathyroidism Primary Secondary Tertiary • Non-cancerous tumor (adenoma) • Paget’s disease, bone cancers • Overactive PTH even when…
What is Hypoparathyroidism? – A Basic Overview Hypoparathyroidism refers to a medical condition where there is insufficient production or activity of parathyroid hormone (PTH). This hormonal deficiency leads to low calcium levels (hypocalcemia) and high phosphate levels (hyperphosphatemia), due to reduced PTH action on bones and kidneys. the Epidemiology of hypoparathyrodism is Estimated prevalence is…